Jupiter

Jupiter

This image was enhanced by the U.S. Geological Survey to bring out detail. It is based on a 1979 image from the Voyager 1 spacecraft.
Designations
Adjective	Jovian
Orbital characteristics[1][2]
Epoch J2000
Aphelion	816,520,800 km (5.458104 AU)
Perihelion	740,573,600 km (4.950429 AU)
Semi-major axis	778,547,200 km (5.204267 AU)
Eccentricity	0.048775
Orbital period	4331.572 days 11.85920 yr
Synodic period	398.88 days
Average orbital speed	13.07 km/s[3]
Mean anomaly	18.818°
Inclination	1.305° 6.09° to Sun's equator
Longitude of ascending node	100.492°
Argument of perihelion	275.066°
Satellites	63
Physical characteristics
Equatorial radius	71,492 ± 4 km 11.209 Earths
Polar radius	66,854 ± 10 km 10.517 Earths
Flattening	0.06487 ± 0.00015
Surface area	6.21796×1010 km² 121.9 Earths
Volume	1.43128×1015 km³ 1321.3 Earths
Mass	1.8986×1027 kg 317.8 Earths
Mean density	1.326 g/cm³
Equatorial surface gravity	24.79 m/s² 2.528 g
Escape velocity	59.5 km/s
Sidereal rotation period	9.925 h
Equatorial rotation velocity	12.6 km/s 45,300 km/h
Axial tilt	3.13°
North pole right ascension	268.057° 17 h 52 min 14 s
North pole declination	64.496°
Albedo	0.343 (bond) 0.52 (geom.)
Surface temp. 1 bar level 0.1 bar	min mean max 165 K 112 K
Apparent magnitude	-1.6 to -2.94
Angular diameter	29.8" — 50.1"
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	20–200 kPa (cloud layer)
Scale height	27 km
Composition	89.8±2.0% Hydrogen (H2) 10.2±2.0% Helium ~0.3% Methane ~0.026% Ammonia ~0.003% Hydrogen deuteride (HD) 0.0006% Ethane 0.0004% water Ices: Ammonia water ammonium hydrosulfide(NH4SH)